Title: otázka č
Author: Jan Veselý
Last saved by: k
Company: doma

otázka č.9
British Literature (Revolution - Romanticism)

English Revolution and Restoration (1640 - 1689)
-	power of Parliament, Oliver Cromwell se Republica
-	Puritans rejected art, literature, drama, science; they were suspicious of knowledge → caused the lower standard and level of English culture

-	melodious pleasant poetry
-	John Milton – traveled a lot, studied at Cambridge
 - became totally blind and couldn’t write 
 - Paradise Lost – Adam + Eva fighting Satan

Enlightenment – classicism (80’s of the 17th century – 1760)
-	new monarchy established in 1660
-	changes in the political, social life
-	colonies made England a sea power and powerful state (commercial, trade)
-	capitalism → quick social development, spreading of culture and education to lower class
-	development of journalism – the 1^st daily newspapers  

-	literature turning from emotion to reason, wit (vtip), satire (didactic verse)
-	form is more important than content 
-	novel appeared – suited to not so high educated part of society
-	essay, comments – new
-	Daniel Defoe – rich life, satirical poems against aristocracy
- The life and strange adventures of Robinson Crusoe
- story based on real experience of a Scottish sailor – lived on a island (isolated, abandoned)
- author paid attention to the thoughts, actions and the reality of character
- shows in detailed way the effort to survive under any hard conditions
- recommendation of patience under the worst misery
-	Jonathan Swift – satirist
- Gulliver’s Travels – satire – allusion to the society (mostly to the higher and well educated classes) 
- 4 parts – among Lilliputians – satire to small English political parties
- among Giants – satire to narrow-minded English lords and ladies 
- on a island of Laputa – a land of philosophers – satire to educated people
- in the land where horses rule and men are beasts – satire to government

Romanticism (1760 - 1840) 
-	capitalistic system of industry
-	a lot of workless – causing class misery 
-	rapid development of new technologies, machines, inventions = industry revolt
-	ideas of returning to nature
-	make man free from harmful influence of civilization
-	revolt against cold formality 

-	revealing of restrictions of the rules set by classicism → exotic themes, about past, horror (gothic novel – mystery atmosphere), historical novel
-	realistic features
-	spontaneity, individualism, emotions, passion
-	George Gordon Byron – autobiographical features in major part of his writing 
 - Don Juan – a satirical poem
 - The prisoner of Chillon – about freedom etc.
-	Sir Walter Scott – collector of old English ballads
  - about heroism of ordinary people
  - Ivanhoe, Rob Roy
  - realistic description of customs and manners of the past X also naďve – idealization of characters and their motive of behavior 
-	Jane Austen – Pride and Prejudice – a novel of manners
  - description of the way of living of the higher and middle classes of England